Background Monitoring of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Central Africa began only recently, and few data are therefore available on the circulation of influenza virus and other respiratory viruses. human coronaviruses NL63/HKU1, rhinovirus/human parechovirus, and enterovirus/parainfluenza virus 3. Results We analyzed a total of 1041 specimens, of which 639 (61%) were positive for at least one virus. Three-quarters of the individuals had been kids under five years of age. We centered on this generation consequently, where 68.1% of individuals were positive for at least one virus. The most frequent infections had been adenoviruses (17.5%), accompanied by parainfluenza infections (PIVs) 1C4 (16.8%), enteroviruses (EV) (14.7%), respiratory syncytial disease (RSV) (13.5%), and influenza disease (11.9%). The prevalence of some viruses was at the mercy of seasonal and geographic variations. One-third of positive examples contained several virus. Conclusions Like most studies in the world, the virus PIVs, EV, RSV, Influenza virus, HRV were predominant among children under five years old in Gabon. An exception is made for adenoviruses which have a high prevalence in our study. However adenoviruses can be detected in asymptomatic persons. These finding gave a better knowledge of the circulation and the seasonality of the viruses involved in ILI in Gabon. Keywords: Gabon, Surveillance network, Influenza-like illness, Viruses, Seasonality Background Acute respiratory tract infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Most such infections are due to viruses [2], which can provoke epidemics and, in some cases, pandemics. For example, in November 2002 a novel coronavirus emerged in southern China, then spread rapidly throughout world in 2003, affecting 25 countries across the five continents. This coronavirus, SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus), buy Enasidenib affected 8000 people, of whom almost 800 died [3]. Likewise, a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A (H5N1) spread extensively in migratory birds and poultry across 64 countries in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa [4]. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported 630 confirmed human cases of H5N1 infection, with a case fatality rate of approximately 60% and significant economic losses [4-6]. The pH1N1 pandemic that started in 2009 lasted 14?months, from June 2009 to August 2010, and was responsible for thousands of cases and deaths [7]. In 2010 August, 214 countries and territories across the world reported 18 449 fatalities from A(H1N1)pdm09 disease [8]. Instances of influenza-like disease (ILI), described by WHO as fever (38C) and coughing, or sore throat, runny headache and nose, are reported over the five continents regularly. In 2008, around 28 000 to 111 500 fatalities among kids aged significantly less than 5?years were related to influenza-associated acute decrease respiratory tract attacks (ALRI), 99% of the fatalities occurring in developing countries [9]. A meta-analysis included 51 research of kids hospitalized between 0 and 4?years with severe ALRI from 1995 to 2011 for the American continent (Canada, USA, Colombia, Brazil, RBBP3 Chile, Argentina), European countries (Spain, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Greece), Africa (South Africa, Mozambique, Kenya), Asia (Israel, Jordan, India, China, South Korea, Japan, Burma, Malaysia) and Oceania (Indonesia, Australia). The primary viral etiologies had been adenovirus (8.8%), influenza pathogen buy Enasidenib (7%), and PIV (5.8%) [10]. In the European Pacific area, the proportions of instances of ILI related to influenza pathogen between 2006 and 2010 had been 57% in China, 19% in Japan, 7% in the Republic of Korea, 4% in the Philippines and Singapore, and 3% in Australia [11]. ILI and influenza pathogen attacks maximum through the winter season buy Enasidenib in temperate countries generally. In tropical countries, the most frequent viral etiologies of ILI reported in kids under five years of age are RSV, PIV-3, influenza and adenovirus virus, as with temperate areas [12]. Influenza pathogen makes up about 5% to 30% of instances of.