Th17/Th2/IL-22+ and Th17/Th0/IL-22+ cells are specifically present in the embryo implantation site where IL-4, GATA-3, IL-17A, ROR-C, IL-22, and AHR mRNA are expressed. site where IL-4, GATA-3, IL-17A, ROR-C, IL-22, and AHR mRNA are indicated. Tomatidine T-bet and IFN- mRNA are found away from the implantation site. There is no pathogenic part of IL-22 when IL-4 is also produced by decidual CD4+ cells. Th17/Th2/IL-22+ and Th17/Th0/IL-22+ cells seem to be important for embryo implantation. = 0.01), IL-13 (= 0.0001) (two Th2-type cytokines), IL-22 (= 0.002) (a Th17/Th22-type cytokine), and IL-17A (= 0.027) (one of the two Th17-type cytokines), but not higher levels of IL-17F and IL-5 compared to peripheral blood T cell clones (Number 1). ARHGEF11 By contrast, IFN- production by T cell clones was not statistically different in the decidua compared to peripheral blood (Number 1). Open in a separate window Number 1 Cytokine production by CD4+ T cell clones derived from decidua of those going through successful pregnancy and URA and mRNA manifestation of cytokines and transcription factors in decidual biopsies of successful pregnancy. CD4+ T cell clones were generated from decidual biopsies, and peripheral blood was from those going through successful pregnancy and those going through unexplained recurrent abortion (URA) (Experiment 1 in Section 4.3). IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IFN- were measured in the supernatant of the CD4+ T cell clones by a multiplex bead-based assay. The statistical analysis was performed with the Wilcoxon test. The dedication of mRNA level for IL-4, GATA-3, IL-17A, ROR-C, IL-22, AHR, T-bet, and IFN- in three biopsies of decidua from three pregnant women (with successful pregnancy) was performed by Quantigene 2.0. In those going through URA, decidua CD4+ T cell clones do not produce IL-4, but produce higher levels of IL-22 (= 0.001), IL-17A (= 0.01), and IL-17F (= 0.02) compared to peripheral blood T cell clones (Number 1). By contrast, IFN-, IL-5, and IL-13 production by T cell clones was not statistically different in the decidua Tomatidine compared to peripheral blood (Number 1). These results display that there is an accumulation of CD4+ T cells generating IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 in the decidua of those going through URA and an accumulation of T helper cells generating IL-17A, IL-22, IL-13, and IL-4 in the decidua of those going through successful pregnancy, suggesting an associated production of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 by decidual CD4+ T cells in those going through successful pregnancy, not found in those going through URA. We also measured the mRNA manifestation of IL-4 and its associated transcription element GATA3, IL-17A and its associated transcription element RORC, and IL-22 and its connected transcription element AHR directly on decidual biopsies of successful pregnancy. IL-17A, IL-22, IL-4, and their connected transcription factors RORC, AHR, and GATA3 mRNAs are indicated in the decidua of those going through successful pregnancy (Number 1). We confirm the association of IL-22 and IL-4 in the mRNA level in the decidua of those going through successful pregnancy. 2.2. In Those Going through Successful Pregnancy, IL-22 Is definitely Positively Correlated with the Th2-Type Cytokine IL-4, Whereas, in those Going through URA, IL-22 Produced by CD4+ T Cell Clones Derived from the Decidua Is definitely Positively Correlated with Th17-Type Cytokines (IL-17A and IL-17F) The levels of IL-22 and the levels Tomatidine of IL-4, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IFN- measured in the supernatants of the CD4+ T cell clones derived from deciduae of those going through URA and those going through successful pregnancy have been correlated. IL-22 produced by decidual CD4+ T cells of those going through successful pregnancy is positively correlated with IL-4 produced by the same cells (= 0.680, = 0.0002) (Number 2), whereas, in those experiencing URA, IL-22 is positively correlated with IL-17A and IL-17F, but not.
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