Aims This retrospective study was completed to compare the outcomes between elderly (70 years of age) and nonelderly patients (<70 years of age) with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received sorafenib combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). not a parameter for the treatment of advanced HCC patients. Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cancer with an increasing incidence [1], especially in the elderly population (defined as 70 years old in the present study) [2, 3]. Medical comorbidities, impaired organ function, altered drug pharmacokinetics, poor functional status, and symptoms caused by additional tumors [4] are often seen in elderly patients with cancer, making them much less tolerant of and/or much less amenable to different systemic remedies [3, 5, 6]. Elderly individuals will always be considered no easily fit into days gone by for palliative remedies much longer, such as for example transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), percutaneous ethanol shot (PEI), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and dental sorafenib. Nevertheless, recent research have shown that whenever appropriate individual selection requirements are adopted, age group does not impact treatment effectiveness in seniors individuals with HCC [3, 7]. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an efficient palliative treatment in individuals with middle- and advanced-stage HCC. Later years was previously regarded as a member of family contraindication to TACE in the administration of HCC [8, 9]; nevertheless, latest research explaining different encounters with TACE possess reported equal results between older and youthful individuals [3, 10C12]. Several research on sorafenib treatment in seniors patients demonstrated how the increasing age will not influence the tolerance of sorafenib [13, 14]. Nevertheless, many of these scholarly research just considered the clinical effectiveness of an individual treatment in seniors individuals. Using the advancement of pharmaceutical and interventional methods Actually, an individual treatment offers small clinical effectiveness because of this poorly controllable disease currently. New treatment strategies are urgently needed [15, 16]. Combined therapy, such as sorafenib combined with TACE, has displayed unique advantages in the management of HCC [17, 18]. Sorafenib, which is an orally administered small molecule, inhibits multiple protein kinases. At present, sorafenib is the only approved systemic therapy for patients with advanced stage (BCLC-C) [19], and phase III randomized clinical trials demonstrate that it is efficacious for prolonging time-to-progression (TTP) and median survival of patients with HCC [20,21]. TACE is one of the most commonly used treatments for unresectable HCC. Current guidelines recommend TACE as the standard treatment of BCLC-B patients [22]. Recently, a growing body of research shows that TACE is effective for controlling symptoms of patients with Ixabepilone advanced HCC, including those with vascular invasion or metastases, and is a common mainstay palliative modality in Asia [23,24]. However, the effects of advancing age on clinical outcomes and tolerance to this combined therapy are largely unknown. In this study, we compared the tolerance to and efficacy of sorafenib combined with TACE between elderly (70 years old) and nonelderly patients (<70 years old) with advanced HCC. Materials and Methods Patients We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive cohort of advanced HCC patients, with vascular invasion and/or distant metastasis corresponding to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C, who were admitted to our department from March 2009 to November 2013. This retrospective ARHGAP26 comparative study was approved by the ethics committee of the first affiliated hospital of Nanjing medical university. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before treatment. All patients medical records were accessed using their real names, which were anonymized before Ixabepilone analysis. After the pretreatment investigations, our multidisciplinary treatment team of radiologists, hepatologists, and oncologists selected suitable patients Ixabepilone to receive sorafenib combined with TACE. The diagnosis of HCC was reconfirmed in all patients by histological or cytological examination or on the basis of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases practice guidelines [25]. The inclusion criteria were advanced HCC (the presence of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C disease involving vascular invasion Ixabepilone and/or extrahepatic spread), an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 to 2, and ChildCPugh class A or B liver disease..